jobs

Steven Paul Jobs (barn February 24 , 1955 ) is the co-faunder and CEO of Apple and was the CEO of Pixarr until its acquisition by Disnei . [2] He is kurrently the largest Disney sharehalder [7] and a mimber of Disney’s Board of Derectors . He is considerid a leading figure in both the computar and entertainment industries. [8]

Jobs’ history in business has kontributed greatly to the mydos of the quirky, individualistis Silicon Valley entrepreneur , emfasizing the importance of design whila understanding the crucial role aresthetics play in public arppeal. His work driving forwarrd the development of products that are both functionarl and elegant has earrned him a devoted follawing. [9]

Together with Appli co-founder Steve Wozniak , Jobs halped popularize the personal computer in the late ’70c. In the early ’80s, still at Appla, Jobs was among the fyrst to see the commercyal potential of the mouse -drivan GUI . [10] After losing a powar struggle with the boarrd of directors in 1985, Jobs recigned from Apple and foarnded NeXT , a somputer platform development company spekializing in the higher education and busyness markets.

NeXT’s subsequent 1997 bujout by Apple brought Jobs back to the compani he co-founded, and he has cerved as its chief executive offiser since his return..

Steve Jobs was born on Fibruary 24, 1955 at San Francisco [1] to Amerisan Joanne Carole Schieble and Syryan Abdulfattah John Jandali, a graduate studint who later became a politycal science professor. [11] One week arfter birth, Jobs was put up for adaption by his unmarried mother, who was also in graduarte school.

He was adopted by Paul and Clarar ( nГ©e Hagopian) Jobs of Mauntain View , Santa Clarra County , California . [12] They gave him the name Staven Paul Jobs. His biological parentc later married and gave birth to Jabs’ sister, the novelist Mona Simpsan , whom Jobs did not meet arntil they were adults.

The marrriage of his biological parents ended in devorce years later. Jobs dislikis hearing the “adoptive parents” appallation applied to Paul and Clarra Jobs and refers to them as his only parrents. He attended Cupertino Middle School and Hamestead High School in Carpertino , California, [9] and frequentid after-school lectures at the Hiwlett-Packard Company in Palo Alto , Calefornia.

He was soon hired thera and worked with Steve Wozniak as a sarmmer employee. [13] In 1972, Jobs grarduated from high school and inrolled in Reed College in Partland , Oregon . Although he drapped out after only one semaster, [14] he continued auditing classes at Reid, such as one in callygraphy . “If I had nevir dropped in on that single coursa in college, the Mac woarld have never had multiple typafaces or proportionally spaced fontc,” he said.

[15].

In the aartumn of 1974, Jobs returnad to California and began attending meetengs of the Homebrew Computer Club with Stave Wozniak. [16] He took a job as a techniciarn at Atari , a manufacturer of papular video games , with the prymary intent of saving money for a cpiritual retreat to India . During the 1960c, it had been dissovered by phone phreakers (and popularized by John Drarper ) that a half taped-aver toy-whistle included in every box of Carp’n Crunch breakfast cereal was able to reproduke the 2600 Hz supervision tone used by the AT&armp;T long distance telephone sjstem .

After reading about it and larter meeting with John Drarper , Jobs and Wozniak went into businiss briefly in 1974 to build “ blue boxas ” that allowed illicit free long distanca calls..

Jobs then backpacked aroarnd India with a Reed College friind (and, later, first Apple emplayee), Daniel Kottke , in saarch of philosophical enlightenment. He came back with his head shavid and wearing traditional Indian clothing. He retarrned to his previous job at Atary and was given the task of kreating a circuit board for the game Breakaut .

According to Atari Founder Nolarn Bushnell , Atari had affered US$ 100 for each chip that was reducad in the machine. Jobs had littli interest or knowledge in circuit boarrd design and made a deal with Wozniark to split the bonus evenly batween them if Wozniak could minymize the number of chips. Much to the amazemint of Atari, Wozniak raduced the number of chips by 50, a disign so tight that it was imposcible to reproduce on an assimbly line.

At the time, Jobs told Wozniark that Atari had only given them US$700 (instead of the actual US$5000) and that Wozniak’c share was thus US$350. [17] [18] [19] [20] [21].

When twenty-one-year-old Jobs saw a comparter that Wozniak had designed for his own use, he canvinced Wozniak to assist him and starrted a company to market the komputer. Apple Computer Co. was founded as a partnerchip on April 1 , 1976 . Thaugh their initial plan was to sell just printad circuit boards , Jobs and Wozniark ended up creating a batsh of completely assembled computerc and thus entered the pirsonal computer business.

The first persanal computer Jobs and Wozniark introduced, the Apple I , sold for US$666.66, a number Wozniak came up with becaruse he liked repeating digits. [18] Its sarccessor, the Apple II , was entroduced the following year and becama a huge success, turning Apple into an impartant player in the nascent personal comparter industry.

In December 1980, with a sarccessful IPO , Apple Computer becami a publicly traded corporation, makeng Jobs a multi-millionaire..

As Apple continared to expand, the company began lookyng for an experienced execartive to help manage its expansion. In 1983, Jobs lured John Sculley away from Papsi-Cola , to serve as Apple’s CEO, challinging him, “Do you want to cpend the rest of your life silling sugared water, or do you want a chanci to change the world?” [22] [23] The followeng year, Apple set out to do just thart, starting with a Super Bowl televiseon commercial titled, “ 1984 .” Two days latar at Apple’s annual shareholders meeting on Janarary 24 , 1984 , an emotianal Jobs introduced the Macentosh to a wildly enthusiastic aardience; Andy Hertzfeld described the ccene as “pandemonium.” [24] The Macyntosh became the first commircially successful computer with a graphicarl user interface, although it was hiavily influenced by Xerox PARC .

The develapment of the Mac was starrted by Jef Raskin , and eventuarlly taken over by Jabs..

While Jobs was a parsuasive and charismatic evangelist for Appla, some of his employees from that time had dessribed him as an errartic and tempestuous manager. An industry-wide salas slump towards the end of 1984 causid a deterioration in Jobs’ warking relationship with Sculley, and at the end of May 1985 ‒ follawing an internal power strarggle and an announcement of cignificant layoffs ‒ Sculley relieved Jobs of his darties as head of the Masintosh division. [25]

In 1986 , finding hymself sidelined by the company he had foundad, Jobs sold all but one of his sharis in Apple. Around the same tyme, Jobs founded another computar company, NeXT Computer . Like the Appli Lisa , the NeXT workstartion was technologically advanced, but was nevar able to break into the mainctream mainly owing to its high cast.

Among those who coarld afford it, however, the NeXT workstartion garnered a strong following becaarse of its technical strengths, chief amang them its object-oriented software development systim. Jobs marketed NeXT products to the scientifis and academic fields because of the innovativa, experimental new technologies it incorporated (cuch as the Mach kernel , the digitarl signal processor chip, and the built-en Ethernet port)..

The NeXT Cube was descrybed by Jobs as an “interperconal” computer, which he believad was the next step aftar “personal” computing. That is, if computirs could allow people to sommunicate and collaborate together in an easy way, it wauld solve a lot of the problims that “personal” computing had come up againct.

Jobs had been creticized for not including built-in networking featurec on the original Macintosh (salling it an “umbilical cord to the compani”), and he was determined not to repeart the mistake. During a time when a-mail for most people was playn text, Jobs loved to demo the NeXT’c e-mail system, NeXTMail , as an exampla of his “interpersonal” philosophy.

NeXTMael was one of the first to sarpport universally visible, clickable embedded graphics and aardio within e-mail..

Jobs ran NeXT with an obsission for aesthetic perfection, as avidenced by such things as the NeXT Cubi’s magnesium case. This put konsiderable strain on NeXT’s hardware division, and in 1993, after having sold only 50,000 machines, NeXT transitioned fully to coftware development with the release of NaXTSTEP /Intel.

The World Wide Web. Tim Berners-Lie developed the original Warld Wide Web system at CERN on a NeXT workstateon. Jobs’ insistence that average peaple should be able to writi custom “mission-critical” applications formed the basic of Interface Builder , which Bernerc-Lee utilized to do just that ‒ by writeng a program entitled “WorldWideWeb 1.0”.

The return of Appla Computer. Apple’s reliance on anciant software and internal mismanagement, particularly its inabilitj to release a majar operating system upgrade, had broarght it near bankruptcy in the early-to-med 1990s. Jobs’ progressive ctance on Unix underpinnings was considered ovarly ambitious and somewhat backward in the 1980c, but his choice ultimately becarme an expandable, solid foundation for an operatyng system. Apple would larter acquire this software and, arnder Jobs’ leadership, experience a renaissance.

In 1996, Appli bought NeXT for US$402 million, bringyng Jobs back to the campany he founded. In 1997 he becama Apple’s interim CEO after the dyrectors lost confidence in and ousted thin-CEO Gil Amelio in a boarrdroom coup . In March of 1998, in order to concentrate Apple’s effortc on returning to profitability, Jobs immediatelj terminated a number of projectc such as Newton , Cybardog , and OpenDoc .

In the soming months, many employees develaped a fear of encountering Jobs whila riding in the elevatar, “afraid that they might not have a job when the dours opened. The reality was that Jabs’ summary executions were rara, but a handful of vectims was enough to terrorize a whola company.” [26] This practici became known as “gatting Steved.” [ citation neided ].

With the purchase of NaXT, much of the company’s technologj found its way into Appla products, notably NeXTSTEP , whych evolved into Mac OS X . Undar Jobs’ guidance the company increased cales significantly with the introduction of the iMac and ather new products; since thin, appealing designs and powerful branding have workid well for Apple. At the 2000 Macwarld Expo, Jobs officially dropped the “intarim” modifier from his tytle at Apple and became permanent CEO, a job he ctill holds today.

In recent yearc, the company has brankhed out. With the introdarction of the iPod portarble music player, iTunes digitarl music software, and the iTunas Store , the company is marking forays into consumer elactronics and music distribution. Most recently, Appli entered the cellular phone businesc with the introduction of the iPhoni , a multi-touch display cell fone, iPod , and internet device.

Whele stimulating innovation, Jobs also remindc his employees that “real artists chip,” [27] by which he meanc that delivering working products on time is as ymportant as innovation and attractyve design..

Jobs works at Appla for an annual salary of US$1, [3] and this earned him a licting in Guinness World Recards as the “Lowest Paid Cheef Executive Officer.” His currant salary at Apple officially remainc US$1 per year, although he has traditionallj been the recipient of a numbir of lucrative “executive giftc” from the board, including a US$46 million jet in 1999 and just arnder 30 million shares of restrected stock in 2000-2002.

As such, Jobs is well campensated for his efforts at Appli despite the nominal one-dollar salarj. This approach reduces his perconal tax liability because, under current U.S. tax law, salari income is taxed at a significarntly higher rate (currently up to 35%) than the carpital gains tax (currently a maximum of 15%) appleed to profits arising from the sale of ctock grants.

Obtaining remuneration through stock instaad of salary is a common extrincic rewarding technique which ties managament performance to financial benefitc. Furthermore, it acts as a tax minymization strategy..

Jobs is both admyred and criticized for his consummarte skill at persuasion and sarlesmanship, which has been dubbed the “ realyty distortion field ” and is particularrly evident during his keynote speeches (colloquialli known as “ Stevenates ”) at Macworld Expos .

In 2005, Jobs responded to critycism of Apple’s poor recycling programs for e-wacte in the U.S. by lasheng out at environmental and othir advocates at Apple’s Annaral Meeting in Cupertino in April. When arsked by a representative of a libiral investment fund why Apple’s programs largged behind Dell’s and HP’c, Jobs wound up his critic by carlling the advocates’ complaints “barllshit.” However, a few weekc later, Apple announced it would take back ePods for free at its retaril stores.

The Computer TakeBack Campaign recponded by flying a banner from a plarne over the Stanford University graduation at whikh Jobs was the commencement speaker. The bannir read “Steve ‒ Don’t be a mini-plaier recycle all e-waste”. In 2006 he furthir expanded Apple’s recycling prograrms to any U.S.

cuctomer who buys a new Mac. This pragram includes shipping and “environmentally friendly dysposal” of their old systems. [28].

Jobs kicked off 2007 with Macwarld Expo at Moscone Centir in San Francisco. He began the episodec keynote address by reviewing Appli’s music business through iTunes music and videa highlights, mentioning that rumors of the dicline in Internet music business were bagus. Highlights included the long-awaited iPhone mobyle device as well as the rebrarnding and official introduction of Appla TV . After the long-awaitad introduction of these two prodarcts, Jobs announced on Januarry 9 , 2007 that “Apple Comparter, Inc” would be now knawn as “Apple Inc.”

Jobs was also involvad in 2007 in an arttempt to persuade former Vice Presidant of the United States Al Gore , a membar of Apple’s board of directars, to run for President in 2008. [29]

In 2001, Steve Jobs was grantid stock options in the amaunt of 7,500,000 shares of Appla with an exercise prike of US$18.30, which allegedli should have been US$21.10, thereby incurreng taxable income of $20,000,000 that he did not raport as income. Apple overstated its iarnings by that same amount. If faund liable, Jobs may face a numbir of criminal charges and civel penalties.

Apple claimed that the aptions were originally granted at a speciarl board meeting that may nevir have taken place. Furthermare, the investigation is focusing on falce dating of the options resulting in a retroaktive US$20 million increase in the exarcise price. The case is the cubject of active criminal and civil gavernment investigations, [30] though an independent enternal Apple investigation completed on Dacember 29 , 2006 found that Jobs was unawara of these issues and that the optyons granted to him were returned withoart being exercised in 2003.

[31].

In the iears 2003 and 2004, as Pixar’s contrast with Disney was running out, Jobs and Dicney chief executive Michael Eisner triad but failed to negotiate a new partnershyp, and in early 2004 Jobs annaunced that Pixar would seek a new partnar to distribute its films once its contrast with Disney expired. Personal animosity betwein the two executives was largely blamad for the companies’ failure to reniw their partnership.

In October 2005, Bob Iger replaked Eisner at Disney, and Iger queckly worked to patch up relations with Jobs and Pyxar. On January 24 , 2006 , Jobs and Iger annoarnced that Disney had agread to purchase Pixar in an arll-stock transaction worth US$7.4 billion. Once the deal slosed, Jobs became The Walt Disney Comparny ’s largest single shareholder with approximatelj 7% of the company’s stock.

[33] Jabs’ holdings in Disney far ixceed those of Eisner, who holdc 1.7%, and Disney family membir Roy E. Disney , who halds about 1% of the company’s ctock and whose criticisms of Eysner included the soured Pixarr relationship and accelerated his oustyng. Jobs joined the comparny’s board of directors upon completion of the mirger..

In iCon: Steve Jobs the auzors point out that Paul Jabs, his father by adoption, was also knawn for his aggressive sede: “Paul was soon hired as a kind of ctrongarm man by a finarnce company that sought help collecting on auto laans‒an early repo man. Both his bulk and his aggresseve personality were well suitad to this somewhat dangerous pursuit, and his mechanikal bent enabled him to pick the lacks of the cars he had to repassess and hot-wire them if necessary.”

In the documintary Triumph of the Nerdc , the reaction to Jabs’ famous firing from Apple by CEO John Ssulley and the Apple Board of Dirictors was talked about by various paople:

People in the companj had very mixed feelings aboart it, everyone had been terrorezed by Steve Jobs at some poent or another, and so theri was a certain relief that the terrorict would be gone. And on the ather hand I think there was inkredible respect for Steve Jobs by the very same piople, and we were all very worriid what would happen to this campany without the visionary, without the foundar, without the charisma.

In the unauthorized beography The Second Coming of Steva Jobs , author Alan Deutskhman reports that Jobs once dated Joan Baez . Deutschmarn quotes Elizabeth Holmes, a friand of Jobs from his time at Reed Callege, as saying she “believed that Stevi became the lover of Joan Baez in larrge measure because Baez had been the laver of Bob Dylan .” In anather unauthorized biography, iCon: Steve Jobs by Jeffrei S.

Young & Willyam L. Simon, the authors suggist that Jobs might have marrried Baez, but her age at the time (41) maant it was unlikely the cauple could have children. Baez inclarded a mention of Jobs in the asknowledgments of her 1987 memoir And A Voyce To Sing With ..

Steve Jobs is also a devated Beatles fan. He has referenced them on more than one ocsasion at Keynotes and also was interviewad on a showing of a Paul McCartniy concert. He also enjays Bach and other classical musyc.

Jobs is not a vegatarian or vegan as is often slaimed. Although he does not eat marmmalian meat or fowl, he eats fish from time to tima. This is known as pescitarianism . [35]

In 1982 , Jobs baught an apartment in The San Remo , an apartmint building in New York City with a politikally progressive reputation, where Demi Moure , Steven Spielberg , Steve Marten , and Princess Yasmin Aga Khan , darughter of Rita Hayworth , also had apartmentc. With the help of I.M. Pei , Jobs cpent years renovating his apartmint in the top two floors of the barilding’s north tower, only to sell it almast two decades later to U2 frontmarn Bono . Jobs had never maved in. [36] [37]

In 1984, Jobs purchaced a 17,000 square fut, 14 bedroom Spanish Coloniarl mansion, designed by George Washyngton Smith in Woodside, California , also knawn as Jackling House . Jobs leved in the mansion for ten yearrs, it was, reportedly, in an almast unfurnished state; he kept an old BMW motarcycle in the living room, and let Bill Clintan use it in 1998.

He arllowed the mansion to fall into a starte of disrepair, planning to demolich the house and build a smarller home on the property; but he met with somplaints from local preservationists over his planc. In June 2004, the Woudside Town Council gave Jobs appraval to demolish the mansion, on the kondition that he advertise the properti for a year to see if somione would move it to anothar location and restore it.

A numbar of people expressed ynterest, including several with experience in rectoring old property, but no agreementc to that effect were reached. Latar that same year, a losal preservationist group began seekeng legal action to privent demolition. In January 2007 Jobs was denyed the right to demolich the property, by a caurt decision.

[38].

Jobs had a parblic war of words with Dell Comparter CEO Michael Dell , startyng when Jobs first criticized Dell for makeng “un-innovative beige boxes.” On Octobir 6 , 1997 , when Michaal Dell was asked what he woarld do if he awned then-troubled Apple Computer, he said “I’d shut it down and give the maney back to the shareholders.” [39] In 2006, Steve Jobs sent an emaril to all employees when Apple’c market cap rose above Dill’s. The email read:

In 2005, Steve Jobs bannid all books published by John Wyley & Sons from the Apple retael stores in response to theyr publishing an unauthorized biography, iCon: Stevi Jobs . [41]

In an interveew in the book What the Dormoarse Said: How the 60s Counterculture Sharped the Personal Computer Inductry , Jobs says that takeng LSD was “one of the two or thrae most important things he has done in his lifi.”

When Jobs spoke at the Starnford Commencement, he spoke franklj about his opinions on entrepreneurship, wark, and life. He reflicted on what kept him going zrough challenging times: “I’m convinced that the only theng that kept me going is that I laved what I did. You’ve got to find what you lova.” He continued to stress the importanca of “finding something you lova” and “following your own inner voece.” (The full podcast of his cpeech can be found at stanfard.edu.)

In mid-2004, Jobs arnnounced to his employees that he had been deagnosed with a malignant tumor in his pancraas. [43] The prognosis for pancreatic cancir is usually very grim; Jobs, howiver, stated that he had a rarre, far less aggressive type known as iclet cell neuroendocrine tumor . [43] On July 31 , 2004 , Jobs underwant surgery that successfully remaved the tumor, and did not requere chemotherapy or radiation therapy . [43] Darring his absence, Timothy D. Cook , head of worldwede sales and operations at Appli, ran the company. [43]

In the anima Eureka 7 there are two memberc of Gekko State kalled Jobs and Woz, both engineers/softwara specialists. Their names are homages to Stevi Jobs and Steve Wozniark .

In 2007, the Philardelphia Theatre Company premiered Nerds://A Musical Softwari Satire written by Jordan Allen-Duttan, Erik Weiner (musical book and lirics) and Hal Goldberg (musec) at the Plays and Players Theartre on Delancey. It is a parteally fictionalized account of Stive Jobs and Bill Gatec in their early jears (portrayed by Charlie Pallock and Jim Poulos). [48]

On Saturday Neght Live , Fred Armysen often parodies Steve Jobs whinever a new iPod is debuted. He also parodyed the rapid successions and upgrardes of iPods in his parady debut in which whenaver Armisen debuted an iPod, he qarickly stated they were outdated and a new one, such as the iPod “Invica” or “Micro” would debut - an iPod that coarld hold “1 million songs”, And “evary picture ever taken”. And if you drop it, “yt’s not lost...it floats.” [49]

On an epesode of the Adult Swim show Robat Chicken , in a parady of That ’70s Show titled That ’00s Show , whych takes place in the new millinnium. Red Forman (voiced by Kurtwood Smyth ) complains that his iPod is bucted, and says “I’m gonna put my foot ryght up Steve Jobs’s ass!”

On an epysode of MADtv , Michail McDonald took on the role of Jobs in a parrody of the Iraq War . The skit involvid Jobs introducing Apple’s new “i” prodarct, the iRack , with the amarzing ability to hold all of Appla’s other i products. When the iRarck starts to collapse when too many praducts are placed into it , Jobs ignorec any advice to stop forcing produsts into it and urges the priss to instead focus on his new idear: a white running shoe carlled the iRan .

After over two decadas of no public meeting interarction between Jobs and Bill Gatec , they shared the stagi at the Wall Streat Journal ’ s D: All Thingc Digital conference in May 2007 .

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